نشریه سیاست دفاعی
پیاپی 119 (تابستان 1401)

Development studies now focus on human resource and human resource development analysis levels. Accordingly, this research is generally concentrated on the individual aspects of HRM. Researches regarding this field are various in terms of concepts, methods and approaches, each of which refers to parts of the individual development model. Therefore, this research aims at developing an integrate review of the present literature and conducting a comprehensive competency-based individual development model through a systematic literature review. The researchers employed open, axial and selective coding method and ATLAS.ti9 for data analysis. 7322 documents were identified. Having subjected them to non-inclusion standards, the researchers presented 37 documents to the software for an in-depth investigation. As a result, 359 narrations were identified and grouped into 177 codes, 21 subcategory and 5 main categories. This research led to the presentation of a new model including the following categories: input, individual development plan (setting goals, prioritizing the goals, goal achievement strategies, time management, revising the individual development plan, participatory implementation, determining evaluation criteria, assessment and monitoring of individuals, feedback, reviewing the individual development plan, output, intervening conditions, and contextual conditions. The proposed model can be employed as a basis of the successful individual human resource development plan by various organizations.

After the victory of the Iranian Revolution, the various administrations in the U.S. have tried to in the least costly manner to maintain their hegemony and superiority in the world via the Islamic Republic of Iran. They tried to avoid if possible the more physical choice. For this purpose, sanctions on the Iran oil and energy sector have been the favorite choice of the policy makers of the White House. The use of sanctions tools, although it causes losses to the target country, but applying it continuously will reduce the efficiency of this tool and the sanctions will harms both side. Given these cases, the purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of the Iran's oil sanctions on the US economic dominance. The main question of the article is what are the consequences of the imposition of Iranian oil sanctions on the U S economic dominance? In response to this question, the hypothesis is that the oil sanctions imposed over the past years, while losing their maximum efficiency, have over time weakened the US dominance position in the world and has harmed its economic via other powers. The research method is descriptive-analytical due to its nature.

The purpose of this research is to investigate the causes, contexts and consequences of the second Karabakh war and the role of regional actors such as Russia and Turkey in it. The Nagorno-Karabakh conflict has been one of the ongoing conflicts in the space after the collapse of the former Soviet Union, which has affected the South Caucasus during three decades of political and security relations. In the fall of 2020, a six-week war changed the dynamics of the three-decade conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia over the disputed region of Karabakh, and a full-scale war between the two actors over the Karabakh crisis took place. This research tries to investigate the political and military situation of the Second Karabakh War and the role of regional actors such as Russia and Turkey in this war and investigate the political and security consequences of this war. It seems that the second Nagorno-Qarabagh war was influenced by the change in the balance of power between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the change in the political approach of regional actors (Russia and Turkey) towards the Nagorno-Qarabagh crisis. The research method in this article is case, historical-contextual, and the data collection method is document study.

The current research was carried out with the aim of identifying the solutions for the use of new communication and information technologies (MICT) in order to improve the security and sustainable development of the coasts of the Persian Gulf and South Makran. Mixed research method includes qualitative and quantitative methods. In the qualitative part, the statistical population included security managers and professors in the field of sustainable development, as well as researchers in the Persian Gulf region, and finally, theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 14 people. In the quantitative part, the statistical community included all journalists, media and press in the fields of economy, tourism, culture, social security and development in South Makran region, and the questionnaire was distributed among 247 people using the full-count sampling method. The results of the qualitative section of the research show that from the point of view of the interviewees, the development of optical fiber lines and the infrastructure of modern communication and information technologies can lead to the development of human communication, the development of urbanization, the free flow of information, the elimination of deprivation and the improvement of security in the Persian Gulf and Makran region. In addition, the quantitative findings of the research show that between the development of new communication and information technologies and the recognition of the factors of backwardness and its avoidance in the region, encouraging the local elites to return to the region, encouraging foreign investors to invest in the Makran region, the growth of tourism And there is a significant relationship between attracting tourism in the region, recognizing the human and geographical talents of the region, the growth of social capital and the social security of the residents of the region

The impact of strategy and strategic considerations on the war, whether in decision to implement or not implement the war or how it is implemented, is undeniable. But the answer to the question of which aspects of law of war that is affected by these considerations and what is the effect on each of them. requires careful analysis of both fields of study. Therefore, all categories related to war, especially law of war, have been affected by strategic considerations. The law of war on its totality is shaped by considering these considerations as a principle - based law, trying to balance between the principle of military necessity and the principle of humanity that is why its rules are common and general. Such characteristics, affect the interpretation and implementation of law of war, especially its fundamental principles, more prone to the effect of such considerations. This article aims to identify these influences and reveal the ways and means of these influences on the mentioned principle. The findings of this research showed that although strategic considerations have had a significant impact on the basic principles and rules governing the laws of war; But in explaining the issues related to the law of war, it has been neglected and this issue has led to incorrect conclusions and interpretations of this set of laws.

Always in the formation of the security-defense pact, such as; The structure of the international system, security needs, and political orientations are influential. In this connection, factors such as; Military power, international structures, understanding of the threat, goals of the defense pact, solidarity and cohesion among the members, and finally the common threat are effective in the application of a defense pact. In this regard, one of the most important concerns of the Islamic Republic in the West Asian region has always been the formation of multilateral security agreements based on geopolitical threats and with a focus on hostilities against our country. This concern has been heightened by the Islamic Republic, especially after the 2011 developments and the spread of the Arab uprisings in West Asia and North Africa. In the meantime, several variables have led to the failure to form unilateral security agreements against Iran, which can be referred to the uncertainty, anarchy and instability of space in West Asia, so that to a large extent predict the next move of actors in such circumstances. Has faced minimal flexibility. Therefore, assessing the polarization of the region, the role of regional actors and the involvement of supra-regional powers in explaining the issue is of great importance. The purpose is to examine the inherent capacity of this approach in explaining the security dynamics of the region. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the data collection method is library.

This study is aimed at investigating and identifying the problems of Iran’s human resources performance appraisal system. The research follows a qualitative approach based on synthetic method. The statistical population of the study consists of the studies conducted during 2000 to 2019 in the field of the pathology of Iran’s human resource performance appraisal system selected through specific search keywords in the national databases. Totally, 114 studies were selected to be investigated. From among these studies, 29 were chosen on the basis of several screening stages and were then evaluated in terms of their titles, abstracts, and contents. The data are obtained by the qualitative analysis of the research documents. Content analysis method was also used for analyzing the research data in three stages (open, axial, and selective types). Analyzing the data in 101 open codes and 32 axial categories and grouping them into 11 dimensions revealed that Iran's human resources performance appraisal system faces problems in these areas: socio-cultural, technological infrastructure, resources and facilities, organizational-managerial, systems, appraisal program design, appraisal Implementation, performance analysis and feedback, evaluation results, and application of the results and consequences. The results of the data analysis led to the identification of the flaws in the Iranian human resources performance appraisal system in the form of a comprehensive model. Therefore, the designed model provides an appropriate framework for organizations to pathologically appraise their human resource performance.